OWASP Top 10 2025 Training Course

A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
A02:2025 - Security Misconfiguration
A03:2025 - Software Supply Chain Failures
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
A05:2025 - Injection
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures
A09:2025 - Security Logging and Alerting Failures
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions

A01:2025 Broken Access Control: Access control mechanisms enforce policies to ensure users cannot act beyond their intended permissions. Failures in this area typically result in unauthorized information disclosure, modification, or destruction of data, or the execution of business functions outside a user's authorized scope.

A02:2025 Security Misconfiguration: This occurs when a system, application, or cloud service is not correctly configured from a security standpoint, thereby creating exploitable vulnerabilities.

A03:2025 Software Supply Chain Failures: These refer to breakdowns or compromises in the software building, distribution, or updating processes. They are frequently caused by vulnerabilities or malicious alterations in third-party code, tools, or dependencies relied upon by the system.

A04:2025 Cryptographic Failures: Generally, all data in transit should be encrypted at the transport layer (OSI layer 4). Historical challenges such as CPU performance constraints and private key/certificate management have been largely mitigated by modern CPUs featuring hardware-accelerated encryption instructions (e.g., AES support) and simplified management via services like Let's Encrypt, with major cloud providers offering integrated certificate management solutions. Beyond transport layer security, it is crucial to identify data requiring encryption at rest and additional encryption in transit (at the application layer, OSI layer 7). Sensitive data, including passwords, credit card numbers, health records, personal information, and business secrets, requires robust protection, particularly when subject to privacy laws like the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or regulations such as the PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).

A05:2025 Injection: An injection vulnerability is a system flaw that enables attackers to insert malicious code or commands (such as SQL or shell code) into input fields, tricking the system into executing these as legitimate system commands. This can lead to severe security consequences.

A06:2025 Insecure Design: Insecure design is a broad category encompassing various weaknesses characterized by missing or ineffective control designs. It is not the root cause of all other Top Ten risk categories. There is a distinct difference between insecure design and insecure implementation, as they have different root causes, occur at different stages of the development process, and require different remediation strategies. A secure design may still suffer from implementation defects that lead to exploitable vulnerabilities. Conversely, an insecure design cannot be remedied by a perfect implementation, as the necessary security controls were never designed to defend against specific attacks. A key factor contributing to insecure design is the lack of business risk profiling for the software or system, leading to an inability to determine the required level of security design.

A07:2025 Authentication Failures: This vulnerability exists when an attacker successfully tricks a system into recognizing an invalid or incorrect user as legitimate.

A08:2025 Software or Data Integrity Failures: These failures involve code or infrastructure that fails to protect against invalid or untrusted code/data being treated as trusted. An example is when an application relies on plugins, libraries, or modules from untrusted sources, repositories, or content delivery networks (CDNs). An insecure CI/CD pipeline lacking software integrity checks can introduce risks of unauthorized access, malicious code injection, or system compromise. Another example is a CI/CD pipeline that pulls code or artifacts from untrusted sources and does not verify them (e.g., via signature checking) before use.

A09:2025 Security Logging & Alerting Failures: Without logging and monitoring, attacks and breaches cannot be detected, and without effective alerting, rapid and effective response to security incidents is hindered. Failures in this area involve insufficient logging, continuous monitoring, detection, or alerting to initiate active responses.

A10:2025 Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions: This occurs when programs fail to prevent, detect, and respond to unusual or unpredictable situations, leading to crashes, unexpected behavior, or vulnerabilities. This typically involves one or more of the following deficiencies: the application does not prevent unusual situations, does not identify them as they occur, or responds inadequately or not at all afterwards.

We will discuss and present practical aspects of:

Broken Access Control
- Practical examples of broken access controls
- Secure access control strategies and best practices

Security Misconfiguration
- Real-world examples of misconfigurations
- Steps to prevent misconfiguration, including configuration management and automation tools

Cryptographic Failures
- Detailed analysis of cryptographic failures, such as weak encryption algorithms or improper key management
- Importance of strong cryptographic mechanisms, secure protocols (SSL/TLS), and examples of modern cryptography in web security

Injection Attacks
- Detailed breakdown of SQL, NoSQL, OS, and LDAP injection
- Mitigation techniques using prepared statements, parameterized queries, and input escaping

Insecure Design
- Exploration of design flaws leading to vulnerabilities, such as improper input validation
- Strategies for secure architecture and secure design principles

Authentication Failures
- Common authentication issues
- Secure authentication strategies, including multi-factor authentication and proper session handling

Software and Data Integrity Failures
- Focus on issues like untrusted software updates and data tampering
- Safe update mechanisms and data integrity checks

Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
- Importance of logging security-relevant information and monitoring for suspicious activities
- Tools and practices for proper logging and real-time monitoring to detect breaches early